Volume 31 | Number 2 | Year 2016 | Article Id. IJMTT-V31P517 | DOI : https://doi.org/10.14445/22315373/IJMTT-V31P517
It is observed that over the last few decades the rate of crime using fire arms is increasing very rapidly. The criminal activity where fire arm is used for committing murder or suicide is very critical to investigate in the absence of eye witness. When eye witness is not found the investigation is performed totally depending upon the evidences found on the crime scene. To carry out these types of investigation a model has been designed using fuzzy multi-criteria decision making (FMCDM) to reduce the uncertainty factor which comes into play most of the time. This paper highlights and discusses how to help reconstruction of crime scene using FMCDM depending upon physical properties of bloodstain evidences and wounds.
[1] Bellman, R. Zadeh, L.A. (1970). Decision-making in a fuzzy environment. Management Science.
[2] Bevel, T., Gardner, R.M. (2002). Bloodstain Pattern Analysis. CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 159–192.
[3] Camana, F., ―Determining the area of convergence in Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: a probabilistic approach, Interregional forensic sciene office (G.I.P.S.), Piazzetta Palatucci, 5 – 35123, Padova (ITALY), 2013.
[4] Carter, A.L.(2001). The directional analysis of bloodstain patterns theory and experimental validation. Journal of the Canadian Society of Forensic Science. 34. 173–189.
[5] Carter, A.L., Illes, M., Maloney, K.(2005). Further validation of the BackTrackTM computer programe for bloodstain pattern analysis—precision and accuracy. IABPA Newslett.15–22,. http://www.iabpa.org/newslett.htm.
[6] Chafe, F.C.( 2003). Determination of Impact angle using mathematical properties of ellipse. International association of Bloodstain Pattern analysts News. 19(1). 5-9.
[7] Chenuyan K., Chi L. and Fredrick S.(1993). An expert system on Crime Investigation Based on Mark- Theory to Reconstruct Crime Scene. Pan Pacific Conference on Information System.
[8] DiMaio, J. M.V.(1999). Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics and Forensic Techniques. 2nd edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, New York,.
[9] Hwang, C.L. Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Application. Springer, New York.
[10] International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts (IABPA) (http://iabpa.org/)
[11] James, H.S. and Eckert, G.W. (1999). Interpretation of Bloodstain Evidence at Crime Scenes. New York, 2nd edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
[12] James, S.H. (1999). Scientific and Legal Applications of Bloodstain Pattern Interpretation. CRC, Boca Raton, FL, New York.
[13] James, S.H. Kish, P.E. & Sutton, T.P. ( 2005). Principles of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis: Theory and Practice. CRC Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL, 226–234.
[14] Klir, J.G. & Yuan, B. (2009). Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic. Pearson Education, 399-401.
[15] Opricovic, S., and Tzeng, G.H. (2004). ―Compromise solution by MCDM methods: A comparative analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS, European Journal of Operational Research, 156( 2).445–455.
[16] Pace, A. ( 2005) . The Relationship between Errors in Ellipse Fitting and the Increasing Degree of Error in Angle of Impact Calculations," International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts News, 21( 3),12-14.
[17] Pace, A., Carter, A.L., Moor,e C. & Yamashita, B.(2006). Another treatment of three-dimensional bloodstain pattern analysis, IABPA Newslett. 4–11,. http://www.iabpa.org/newslett.htm.
[18] Reynolds, M., D. Franklin, Raymond, M. A. & Dadour, I. ( 2008). Bloodstain measurement using computer-fitted theoretical ellipses: A study in accuracy and precision." Journal of Forensic Identification, 58(4), 469-484.
[19] Saaty, T.L. ( 1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process, McGraw- Hill, New York.
[20] Taroni, F., Bozza, S. & Aitken, (2005). Decision analysis in forensic science. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 50(4), 894–905.
[21] Willis,C., Piranian, A. K., Donaggio, J. R., Barnett, R. J. & Rowe, W. F. (2001). Errors in the Estimation of the Distance of fall and Angles of Impact Blood Drops. Forensic Science International. 123(1), 1-4.
[22] Zadeh, L.A.( 1965) . Fuzzy sets, Information and Control. 8(3), 338–353.
[23] Zimmermann, H.J. (1985) ―Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications. Dordrecht, Boston.
Soumendra Goala, Palash Dutta, "A study on fuzzy multi-criteria decision making in gunshot analysis," International Journal of Mathematics Trends and Technology (IJMTT), vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 89-94, 2016. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22315373/IJMTT-V31P517