Volume 69 | Issue 2 | Year 2023 | Article Id. IJMTT-V69I2P515 | DOI : https://doi.org/10.14445/22315373/IJMTT-V69I2P515
Received | Revised | Accepted | Published |
---|---|---|---|
07 Jan 2023 | 10 Feb 2023 | 21 Feb 2023 | 28 Feb 2023 |
For n 4, the cartesian product P3 × Cn is a polyhedral graph, where P3 is a 3-path and Cn is a n-cycle. A set H of disjoint even faces of P3 × Cn is called resonant pattern if P3 × Cn has a perfect matching M such that the boundary of every even face in H is M-alternating. Let k be a positive integer, P3 × Cn is k - resonant if any i k disjoint even faces of P3 × Cn form a resonant pattern. Moreover, if graph P3 × Cn is k - resonant for any integer k, then it is called maximally resonant. In this study, we provide a complete characterization for the k-resonance of P3 × Cn. We show that every graph P3 × Cn is 1- resonant, 2- resonant, 3- resonant and it is not k - resonant(k 4) except for P3 × C4, P3 × C6, P3 × C8. Moreover, we get a a corollary that P3 × Cn is maximally resonant if and only if it is 4-resonant.
[1] Eric Clar, The Aromatic Sextet, Wiley, London, 1972.
[2] Milan Randić, “Conjugated Circuits and Resonance Energies of Benzenoid Hydrocarbons,” Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 68-70, 1976. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(76)80257-6
[3] M. Randić, “Graph Theoretical Approach to Local and Overall Aromaticity of Benzenoid Hydrocarbons,” Tetrahedron, vol. 31, no. 11- 12, pp. 1477-1481, 1975. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(75)87084-0
[4] Milan Randić, “Aromaticity of Polycyclic Conjugated Hydrocarbons,” Chemical Reviews, vol. 103, pp. 3449–3605, 2003. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9903656
[5] Laszlo Lovász, and Michael D. Plummer, Matching Theory, American Mathematical Society, 2009.
[6] I. Gutman, Covering Hexagonal System with Hexagons, in: Graph Theory, Proceedings of the Fourth Yugoslav Seminar on Graph Theory, Novi Sad University, pp. 151-160, 1984.
[7] Fu-ji Zhang, and Rong-si Chen, “When each Hexagon of a Hexagonal System Covers It,” Discrete Applied Mathematics, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 63-75, 1991. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-218X(91)90014-N
[8] M. Zheng, “k -Resonant Benzenoid Systems,” Journal of Molecular Structure(Theochem), vol. 231, pp. 321-334, 1991.
[9] Zhang Fuji, and Zheng Maolin, “Generalized Hexagonal Systems with Each Hexagon Being Resonant,” Discrete Applied Mathematics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 67-73, 1992. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-218X(92)90205-O
[10] Maolin Zheng, “Construction of 3-Resonant Benzenoid Systems,” Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM, vol. 277, pp. 1-14, 1992. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-1280(92)87125-J
[11] Rong-si Chen, and Xiao-feng Guo, “k- Coverable Coronoid Systems,” Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, vol. 12, pp. 147-162, 1993. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01164632
[12] Fuji Zhang, and Lusheng Wang, “k- Resonance of Open-ended Carbon Nanotubes,” Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, vol. 35, pp. 87-103, 2004. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOMC.0000014306.86197.22
[13] Wai Chee Shiu, Peter Che Bor Lam, and Heping Zhang, “k- Resonance in Toroidal Polyhexes,” Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, vol. 38, pp. 451-466, 2005. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-004-6897-4
[14] Heping Zhang, and Dong Ye, “k -Resonant Toroidal Polyhexes,” Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, vol. 44, pp. 270-285, 2008. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-007-9310-2
[15] Wai Chee Shiu, and Heping Zhang, “A Complete Charaterization for K -Resonant Klein-bottle Polyhexes,” Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, vol. 43, pp. 45-59, 2008. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-006-9178-6
[16] D. Ye, Z. Qi, H. Zhang, “On k --Resonant Fullerene Graphs,” SIAM Journal of Discrete Mathematics, vol. 23, pp. 1023-1044, 2009.
[17] Heping Zhang, and Saihua Liu, “2-resonance of Plane Bipartite Graphs and Its Applications to Boron–nitrogen Fullerenes,” Discrete Applied Mathematics, vol. 158, no. 14, pp. 1559–1569, 2010. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2010.05.012
[18] Saihua Liu, and Heping Zhang, “Maximally Resonant Polygonal Systems,” Discrete Mathematics, vol. 310, no. 21, pp. 2790-2800, 2010. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2010.06.011
[19] Wai Chee Shiu, Heping Zhang, and Saihua Liu, “Maximal Resonance of Cubic Bipartite Polyhedral Graphs,” Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, vol. 48, pp. 676-686, 2010. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-010-9700-8
[20] Rui Yang, and Heping Zhang, “Hexagonal Resonance of (3,6)-Fullerenes,” Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 261- 273, 2012. Crossref, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10910-011-9910-8
[21] Saihua Liu, and Jianping Ou, “On Maximal Resonance of Polyomino Graphs,” Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, vol. 51, pp. 603– 619, 2013. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-012-0104-9
[22] Saihua Liu, Jianping Ou, and Youchuang Lin, “On k-Resonance of Grid Graphs on the Plane, Torus and Cylinder,” Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, vol. 52, pp. 1807-1816, 2014. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-014-0347-8
[23] R. Yang, C. Liu, N. Wu, The number of perfect matchings and k-resonance in n-prism, J. Shandong Uni. (Natural Sci.), vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 37-41, 2022.
[24] J. Adrian Bondy, and U. S. R. Murty, Graph Theory, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer, New York, 2008.
[25] Laszlo Lovász, and Michael D. Plummer, Matching Theory, American Mathematical Society, 2009
Yanfei Ma, Rui Yang, "k - Resonance of the Cartesian Product Graph P3 * Cn," International Journal of Mathematics Trends and Technology (IJMTT), vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 118-123, 2023. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/22315373/IJMTT-V69I2P515